Yue Fei was a general of Southern Song
Dynasty, who fought victoriously against the invading forces of Jin Dynasty. He
studied hard since he was a child, and was particularly interested in strategics.
He joined the army when he was 20-year-old and became famous for his bravery. Yue
Fei wanted to reoccupy the territory of middle China which had been occupied by
Jin Dynasty with all his heart. While he was rather strict with himself, he cared
for and cherished the soldiers. Yue army led by him was very intrepid and never
lost in the battlefield.
In 1140, Jin army under Genreal Wu Zhu attacked Southern Song Dynasty. Yue Fei commanded
Yue army to fight against them. Wu Zhu had cavalries with special training. The
soldiers and warhorses were all clad in thick armor called "guaizi horse"
and had them to attack Yue army. Yue Fei found out the weakness of "guaizi
horse" and instructed his soldiers to bend and to hack at the horses unprotected
legs. In this way, Jin troops fell down from the horses and were crushingly defeated.
When Wuzhu heard about this sad news, he burst into a cry bitterly. He said that
since he commanded the army to fight, his victories all depended on the "guaizi
horse", that all was over. Yue army reoccupied a lot of lost territory of Central
Plains. Ther was a saying in Jin army that, "It is easier to shake a mountain than
Yue army", which means it is easy to push down a mountain, but it is too hard to
beat the army led by Yue Fei.
Later, however, the fatuous Emperor Gaozong of Southern Song Dynasty made peace
with Jin and asked Yue Fei to retreat from the battlefront. Yue Fei was dismissed,
and in 1142 executed on a trumped-up charge of "moxuyou" (a local dialect
meaning "perhaps having guilt"). Yue Fei was only 39 years old when he died.
Reference data
Jingkang Incident
After Jin conquered Liao, seeing that Northern Song was corrupt as well as weakly
defended, Jin decided to take the change to overthrow Song Dynasty and unify China.
In October 1125, Jin troops came directly from the north, and marched toward Dong
Jing, the capital of Song Dynasty. Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty was in a panic
and did not dare to burden the duty of fighting back. In January 1126, he issued
an imperial edict of abdication and let the prince Zhao Huan (Emperor Qinzong of
Song Dynasty) succeed the throne, and changed the reign title into Jingkang. The
next year, Jin army breached Dongjing, and captured over 30,000 people, including
Emperor Huizong, Emperor Qinzong, imperial concubines, imperial relatives, and ministers.
Northern Song was over and this was called the "Jingkang Incident" in history. In
the same year, Zhaogou (the brother of Emperor Qinzong) succeeded in Yingtianfu
(today's Shangqui, Henan province), and later moved the capital to Lin'an (today's
Hangzhou, Zhejiang province). This is the "Southern Song Dynasty" in history.
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